On September 6, 2023, the Luo Min/Lu Zhigang/Gao Hai collaboration team from the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University and the Zhao Yun team of the Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences published a research article entitled CD300ld on neutrophils is required for tumour-driven immune suppression online in the journal Nature.

PCR technology is widely used in various clinical diagnoses due to its advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity, low requirements for detection samples, convenience and speed. At present, hospitals above the second level in China are carrying out various clinical applications of PCR technology, PCR laboratory is a facility carrying the application of PCR technology, and the reasonable design of the laboratory can ensure the reliability of the test results. Today we will learn about the PCR consumables used in the laboratory.

Cell differentiation and fate determination are one of the mysteries of life and the core problems in the field of life sciences, and revealing its laws and mechanisms is of great significance for understanding life phenomena and promoting the development of medicine. However, it is not easy to accurately track the dynamic differentiation trajectory of cells, especially in the process of cell fate transition under disturbances such as diseases, which are relatively random and unpredictable. Currently, single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technique for studying cell differentiation, which can be inferred by analyzing the transcriptome status of individual cells to infer the dynamic process of cell differentiation. In particular, RNA velocity model, developed based on the shear kinetics of messenger RNA (mRNA), can predict the state of single-cell transcriptome in "past" or "future" time, which is a classical method for single-cell trajectory inference and is widely used in single-cell data analysis. However, due to the limitations of single-cell sequencing technology in capturing intron regions and the high complexity of mRNA transcription/shear kinetics, RNA velocity models often suffer from inference errors or unrobustness in practical applications.

As a necessity for daily protection in the laboratory, gloves can be very useful. It can effectively reduce cuts caused by sharp instruments, block the erosion of chemical reagents, and prevent burns. At present, the two types of gloves commonly used in laboratories are mainly nitrile and latex. Next, we take you to understand the characteristics, differences, how to choose and precautions of these two types of gloves.

Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel are trying to restore color vision in completely colorblind subjects through gene therapy. In their paper "Seeing color following gene augmentation therapy in Achromatopsia," published in Current Biology, the team details the success and limitations of the approach in patients with total color blindness who lack the functional CNGA3 gene.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system. In GABAergic neurons, when the presynaptic membrane is depolarized, the synaptic vesicles containing GABA will fuse to the presynaptic membrane and release GABA into the synaptic cleft. Subsequently, GABA binds to the GABAA receptor of the postsynaptic membrane, triggering Cl-influx, which hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane and inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses. GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) is responsible for recycling GABA in the synaptic cleft to presynaptic membrane neurons, thereby regulating the activation state of downstream receptors. GAT1 maintains the stability of the neuroinhibited microcircuits, and its dysfunction can lead to a variety of neurological diseases, such as autism, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. GAT1 is an important anti-epileptic target, and by blocking the function of GAT1, it can inhibit the clearance of GABA in the synaptic cleft, thereby reducing nerve impulses to reduce epilepsy symptoms. In 1997, the US FDA approved the GAT1 inhibitor tiagabine as an adjunct to the treatment of epilepsy. Previously, the Gati group reported the electron microscopy structure of GAT1 bound to thiagabine at 3.8 angstroms in 2022 [1], but there is still a lack of high-resolution structural information to reveal the recognition and transport mechanism of GABA and the inhibition mechanism of other inhibitors such as 3-piperidinecarboxylic acid.

A variety of important membranous organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, play important regulatory roles in antiviral immune responses. As a hub for glycan and lipid synthesis, post-translational modification of proteins, and vesicle trafficking, Golgi apparatus is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, but its role in antiviral immune response and its fine regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.

On June 1, 2023, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Changchun Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences of the Center of Excellence for Molecular Plants, the National Engineering Technology Research Center for Emergency Prevention and Control Drugs, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, East China University of Science and Technology, Lingang Laboratory and other multi-unit teams published a report entitled "Multi-valent mRNA vaccines" in SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences against monkeypox enveloped or mature viron surface antigens demonstrate robust immune response and neutralizing activity".

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus associated with a variety of human malignancies, including Kaposi sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, multicenter Castleman disease, and recently reported osteosarcoma in children. KS is a multifocal oligoclonal malignancy with a complex pathogenesis. The origin of spindle-shaped KS cells was originally thought to be an endothelial cell lineage. However, the heterogeneity of spindle-shaped cells has led to the hypothesis that KS may originate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or precursors of vascular cells. As more evidence is unearthed, this hypothesis has gained more and more support and formed a relatively well-established view that KS may have originated from pluripotent MSCs infected with KSHV, which converts MSCs into KS cells through a process of transformation from mesenchymal to endothelial cells.